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A dharani pillar (), sutra pillar, or jingchuang () is a type of stone pillar engraved with Dharani-Sutra or simple dhāraṇī incantations that is found in China. Dharani pillars were usually erected outside Buddhist temples, and became popular during the Tang dynasty (618–907).
Qian Liu (852–932), founder of the Wuyue kingdom (907–978) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, is recorded as having erected several dharani pillars during his reign, as an act of devotion: one at the Zhaoxian Temple (招賢寺) in 911, two at the Daqian Temple (大錢寺) in 911, one at the Tianzhu Riguan Hermitage (天竺日觀庵) in 913, and two at the Haihui Temple (海會寺) in 924.
A distinctive style of dharani pillar developed in the far south of China, in modern Yunnan, within the non-Chinese kingdoms of Nanzhao (737–902) and Dali (937–1253). The Yunnanese dharani pillars are elaborately sculptured with Buddhist figures, and are very different in style to the dharani pillars of the Tang and Song dynasties to the north.
Dharani pillars continued to be erected through the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
On most dharani pillars, the dharani or dharani-sutras are written in Chinese characters, phonetically transcribing the original Sanskrit text. Occasionally the dharani text may be transcribed using other writing systems. In 1962 two Ming Dynasty Tangut dharani pillars were discovered in a village in the north of Baoding, where a Buddhist temple with a white, stupa-shaped pagoda once stood. These pillars were engraved with the Dharani of the Victorious Buddha-Crown transcribed in the Tangut script. According to a Chinese inscription on one of the pillars, they were erected in the 10th month of the 15th year of the Hongzhi era (1502), and are the latest known examples of the Tangut script.
As an example, we can cite the Dharani of Great Compassion , the Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī (Chinese: 大悲咒 Dàbēi zhòu ), one of the most popular hymns of the mahāyāna Buddhism (the only one to be recited in Chinese-speaking monasteries (China, Hong-Kong, Taiwan, Singapore), Korea, JapanLokesh Chandra (1988). 9788170172475, Abhinav Publications, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. . ISBN 9788170172475. and Vietnam), which was carved not on an octagonal pillar, but on a monumental block of stone of rectangular shape, rounded at its top.
The inscription is written in red, on one side only, without any other decorative motif. To the left of the stele, next to the end of the text, there is a sculpture representing a young monk seated in lotus position. He has a Buddhist Prayer beads (Japamala), in his left hand, and makes the Abhayamudra, symbol of protection, with the right one.
The stele was erected in 2005, in the grounds of Fo Ding Shan temple in Sanyi, Miaoli, on the island of Taiwan, in East Asia (see picture).
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